Apache的rewrite的重写非常常用,现总结了一下。
Apache mod_rewrite规则重写的标志一览
R[=code](force redirect) 强制外部重定向
强制在替代字符串加上http://thishost[:thisport]/前缀重定向到外部的URL.如果code不指定,将用缺省的302 HTTP状态码。F(force URL to be forbidden)禁用URL,返回403HTTP状态码。G(force URL to be gone) 强制URL为GONE,返回410HTTP状态码。P(force ) 强制使用代理转发。L(last rule) 表明当前规则是最后一条规则,停止分析以后规则的重写。N(next round) 重新从第一条规则开始运行重写过程。C(chained with next rule) 与下一条规则关联如果规则匹配则正常处理,该标志无效,如果不匹配,那么下面所有关联的规则都跳过。T=MIME-type(force MIME type) 强制MIME类型NS (used only if no internal sub-request) 只用于不是内部子请求NC(no case) 不区分大小写QSA(query string append) 追加请求字符串NE(no URI escaping of output) 不在输出转义特殊字符例如:RewriteRule /foo/(.*) /bar?arg=P1%3d$1 [R,NE] 将能正确的将/foo/zoo转换成/bar?arg=P1=zedPT(pass through to next handler) 传递给下一个处理例如:RewriteRule ^/abc(.*) /def$1 [PT] # 将会交给/def规则处理Alias /def /ghiS=num(skip next rule(s)) 跳过num条规则E=VAR:VAL(set environment variable) 设置环境变量使用mod_rewrite时常用的服务器变量:HTTP headers:HTTP_USER_AGENT, HTTP_REFERER, HTTP_COOKIE, HTTP_HOST, HTTP_ACCEPTconnection & request: REMOTE_ADDR, QUERY_STRING internals: DOCUMENT_ROOT, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL stuff: TIME_YEAR, TIME_MON, TIME_DAYRewriteRule规则表达式的说明:
. 匹配任何单字符[chars] 匹配字符串:chars[^chars] 不匹配字符串:charstext1|text2 可选择的字符串:text1或text2? 匹配0到1个字符* 匹配0到多个字符+ 匹配1到多个字符^ 字符串开始标志$ 字符串结束标志n 转义符标志反向引用 $N 用于 RewriteRule 中匹配的变量调用(0 <= N <= 9)
反向引用 %N 用于 RewriteCond 中最后一个匹配的变量调用(1 <= N <= 9)RewriteCond适用的标志符
‘nocase|NC’ (no case)忽略大小‘ornext|OR’ (or next condition)逻辑或,可以同时匹配多个RewriteCond条件RewriteRule适用的标志符
‘redirect|R [=code]’ (force redirect)强迫重写为基于http开头的外部转向(注意URL的变化) 如:[R=301,L]‘forbidden|F’ (force URL to be forbidden)重写为禁止访问‘proxy|P’ (force proxy)重写为通过代理访问的http路径‘last|L’ (last rule)最后的重写规则标志,如果匹配,不再执行以后的规则‘next|N’ (next round)循环同一个规则,直到不能满足匹配‘chain|C’ (chained with next rule)如果匹配该规则,则继续下面的有Chain标志的规则。‘type|T=MIME-type’ (force MIME type)指定MIME类型‘nosubreq|NS’ (used only if no internal sub-request)如果是内部子请求则跳过‘nocase|NC’ (no case)忽略大小‘qsappend|QSA’ (query string append)附加查询字符串‘noescape|NE’ (no URI escaping of output)禁止URL中的字符自动转义成%[0-9]+的形式。‘passthrough|PT’ (pass through to next handler)将重写结果运用于mod_alias’skip|S=num’ (skip next rule(s))跳过下面几个规则‘env|E=VAR:VAL’ (set environment variable)添加环境变量实战
例子:RewriteEngine onRewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^MSIE [NC,OR]RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Opera [NC]RewriteRule ^.* – [F,L] 这里”-”表示没有替换,浏览器为IE和Opera的访客将被禁止访问。例子:
RewriteEngine OnRewriteBase /testRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.php -fRewriteRule ([^/]+)$ /test/$1.php#for example: /test/admin => /test/admin.phpRewriteRule ([^/]+).html$ /test/$1.php [L]#for example: /test/admin.html => /test/admin.php限制目录只能显示图片
< IfModule mod_rewrite.c>RewriteEngine onRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^.*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|swf)$RewriteRule .*$ – [F,L]< /IfModule>